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All these are the sensual forms of the colony including future kings and queens of colonies not yet been established.
The reproductives live in a central room in the nest in which a femalequeen or queen, will lay many thousands of eggs each year over her entire life span of approximately a decade. Male, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Multiple reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles at the end of each growth phase, gradually changing until they get to the employee, soldier or grownup (winged form). If queens die, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
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Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) can resist the outside environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of shed wings are a fantastic hint to termite infestations.
Soldiers have darker, bigger heads than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their function to defend the colony, if disturbed, while the damage is repaired by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different types. Many species have soldiers, together with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, like ants.
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Nastute soldiers happen in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only rarely found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout where they eject a tacky solution which disturbs and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a very large head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. The drywood termites, which utilize this strategy, are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
The workers account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the maximum damage.
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They collect food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and repair damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are believed to operate 24 hours per day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They're blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs which have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they're mature enough, the young work within the colony where occupations change with age and maturity.
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Once a single colony gets sufficiently large it produces winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to leave the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still air, and at times low light. Termites are not strong fliers and generally only fly up to 1km, but breezes and updrafts can take them a lot further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Males quickly respond.
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They dig in and within the next few weeks, mate and take care of their young until enough workers grow to take over the maintenance roles.
New colonies are occasionally created via budding. This is thought to happen when the extremities of the colony eliminate contact and become independent.
The main king and queen are believed to emit hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the remainder of the colony. But this control breaks down whether read the full info here the land is too large or contact with groups is dropped.
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Termites work collectively in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as mammals, which are fed by adult termites. They then develop into four forms or castes of termite:
Soldiers have big, black heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and may take longer to control. Some species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, like ants.
Employees are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Workers are the largest caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for most harm.
Reproductives which are darker in colour to other castes, have functional eyes and robust skin. This caste becomes the pioneers of prospective colonies.
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The temperature, food quality, and activity of the colony will determine how long it takes to get a termite to grow from egg to mature.
Nests and tunnels are stored moist because employee termites cannot stand low humidity for long intervals. The temperature within the nursery of a large nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but rarely varies more than one degree every day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.